Understanding Emotions
Emotions Can Give Us Information
Emotions can provide information about how we are experiencing a situation.
- Fear may alert us to possible danger or uncertainty
- Anger may arise when something feels unfair, threatening or important
- Sadness may accompany loss or disappointment
- Guilt can occur when we believe our behaviour has conflicted with our values or affected someone else
An emotion does not always provide a complete or perfectly accurate description of what is happening.
Feeling rejected does not necessarily mean someone intended to reject you.
Feeling afraid does not always mean you are in danger.
Feeling guilty does not automatically mean you have done something wrong.
Emotions are worth noticing, but we can also consider what they are responding to and what we want to do next.
When Emotions Are Difficult to Identify
Not everyone finds it easy to put emotions into words.
You may know that something feels wrong without being able to identify whether you’re angry, hurt, anxious, disappointed, ashamed or overwhelmed.
Sometimes physical sensations appear before we consciously recognise an emotion.
You might notice tension, a heavy feeling in your chest, a racing heart, restlessness, a tight stomach or a strong urge to leave a situation.
Some people have become accustomed to pushing emotions aside because there was little opportunity to talk about them, because emotional expression felt unsafe or because getting on with things seemed more useful.
That does not mean you don’t have emotions.
It may mean you have had less opportunity to notice and understand them.
Feelings and Behaviour Are Not the Same Thing
One useful distinction is between what we feel and what we do.
You can feel angry without becoming aggressive.
You can feel anxious and still choose to do something important.
You can feel hurt without immediately withdrawing.
You can feel disappointed without attacking yourself or someone else.
We don’t necessarily choose which emotions appear.
We can develop greater awareness of how we respond once they do.
That space between feeling and action can be important.
Greater awareness can create greater choice.
Therapy can provide a place to slow things down and become more curious about your emotional experiences.

